To survive against the London system, Black must come up with a precise plan of attack, whereas White can take up a stable position and develop his pawns. The e5-square is protected by the pawn on d4 and an attack via g5 would greatly weaken Black's kingside. White actively positions his bishop on f4. The main variation of the opening proceeds via the following moves: The author of the work is most likely the Spaniard Luis Ramírez Lucena, whose writings are very similar to the contents of the book. In 1752, the physician Friedrich Boerner gave the book to the Göttingen State and University Library, which cemented its name as the "Göttinger Handschrift". It first appeared in literature between 15 in the " Göttinger Handschriften", an early treatise on the game of chess which, despite its name, originated in Nancy, France. The opening itself has long been known in the history of chess. Due to its robust structure, the London System offers protection against many of Black's openings and often ends in a draw - which is why it is sometimes described as monotonous or boring. The London System is one of the easier openings to learn and is therefore also suitable for beginners. In contrast to many other openings, the early development of the chess pieces does not concentrate on the knight first, but attempts to position the bishop on f4 as early as the second move. The London System is a very popular opening that is used by club players of all levels.
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